The Definitive Guide toAI Data Centers
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RoCE · RDMA over Converged Ethernet

RDMA over Ethernet. ECN signals congestion; it does not make the fabric lossless. The design must state queueing and congestion control plus any PFC, retransmission/recovery, routing, buffering, and failure-handling choices.

Also written as: RoCEv2 · RoCEv1

Current numbers

51.2 TbpsBroadcom Jericho4 deep-buffer router; 3nm; HBM packet memory (~160× on-chip); RoCE over >100 km via 3.2 Tbps HyperPortsas of 2025 · register ↗
tens of µsNVMe-oF read latency over RDMA (RoCE/IB) vs milliseconds for legacy NFS/iSCSIas of 2025 · register ↗
~95%Spectrum-X / tuned-RoCE effective throughput vs raw link rate under collective load; untuned RoCE can collapse to ~60%as of 2024-10 · register ↗

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