LBNL · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
The US national lab whose interconnection-queue and data-center energy studies are the standard public reference for grid wait times and load growth.
Current numbers
649 TWh (11.8%); range 521–843 TWh (9.5–15.3%)US data-center electricity use in 2030, LBNL reference case and range (share of US electricity)
61 monthsMedian request-to-operation time for US generation and storage projects completed in 2025 (LBNL); not a load-service lead time
>2,060 GWActive generation and storage capacity in US interconnection queues, end-2025 (LBNL)