Brownfield
A project that reuses or retrofits an existing building or site rather than building new.
Current numbers
$2k–$5kPhase I ESA per ASTM E1527-21 (higher end for industrial/brownfield histories)
~97 GWnew global data-center capacity forecast 2025–2030, up to ~$3T investment — the demand that makes brownfield reuse and repower attractive
~$2M / ~$5–6M+ per MWbrownfield retrofit cost: cooling-only vs full AI retrofit; ~2/3 of pre-2015 DCs unsuitable for frontier density